Automated spasecraft

Automated spacecraft are unmanned devices launched into outer space, which can perform operations by radio commands from Earth or by programs laid down in their onboard processors. They are used in various spheres – for the needs of the national economy, scientific research and military purposes. Automated spacecraft include control, attitude control, power supply systems, propulsion systems, radio equipment, telemetry systems and other components depending on the specific mission.
They can be used to study near-Earth space, astrophysical objects, planets and small bodies of the solar system. The design of such vehicles depends on the tasks to be accomplished and may include special equipment developed specifically for each project.
Spacecraft used to study near-Earth space can penetrate the ionosphere and radiation belts of the Earth. To study astrophysical objects, an elongated near-Earth orbit is explored, which allows telescopes to precisely point their telescopes at objects. Automated interplanetary stations are used to study planets and small bodies in the solar system. Due to the long distance and the limitation of the speed of light, operational radio communication between the earth and such stations can be difficult, so intelligent electronic processor systems are installed on them for independent decision-making.