Plasma

Plasma – From the Greek. plasma –  means creation.
The fourth aggregate state of any substance is plasma, including solid, liquid or gaseous. It is a gas with a high degree of ionization, in which the proportion of ionized atoms ranges from 0.1% to 100%, and its electric charge is neutral. The main factors contributing to the ionization of a gas are the effects of electromagnetic radiation and high-energy cosmic rays on it, as well as its high temperature.
For these reasons, the properties of plasma and non-ionized gas differ. The gas review fully describes the classical gas laws of physics. They are based on taking into account simple mechanical collisions of neutral atoms or molecules with each other or with surfaces of solids. In the case of plasma, the main role is played by the effects of electrical mutual influence between charged particles at a distance, as well as their interaction with external and generated electric and magnetic fields during the movement of plasma flows (see physical, electromagnetic fields).
Plasma capabilities largely depend on its concentration, temperature, and degree of ionization. To a significant extent, the intensity of the “frozen” ones – which are contained in plasma clouds and external magnetic fields – also have an impact. The magnetic field that is located in the plasma cloud is inextricably linked to its internal (frozen) magnetic field. This field resembles a flexible and stretchable, but elastic bone. This property allows plasma formation, which collapses under the influence of external influences and retains its integrity, despite the fact that it is deformed. A fragment of a plasma cloud can be separated from its main part with a sufficiently strong external influence. In this case, the connections of the lines of force of the frozen magnetic field will occur. The field will close again and a new plasma object will appear, which will be smaller than the “mother” one, but at the same time it will look like it.
It should be noted that the distinctive features of a separate plasma formation with a frozen magnetic field are its resistance to fusion with another plasma object. In the process of implementing this event, special conditions must be created that will require a large amount of energy. This feature, for example, determines the processes in the photosphere (see Suns, photosphere) and in the lower layers of the atmosphere, the interaction of solar wind clouds with the magnetosphere of planets, etc. Wherever there is a sufficient number of plasma objects that interact with each other.
Most of the matter in the universe is in the form of plasma. Plasma is used to create stars, interstellar and galactic clouds, solar wind, and other space objects. Its properties have a huge impact on the evolution of space objects.”