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In recent years – the years of NTP (scientific and technological progress) – space has been one of the leading sectors of the national economy. Achievements in space exploration and exploitation are one of the most important indicators of a country’s level of development. Despite the fact that this industry is very young, the pace of its development is very high, and it has long been clear that the exploration and use of space is now unthinkable without broad and diverse cooperation between states.
In a very short historical period, space has become an integral part of our lives, a faithful servant of the international community and an essential part of our society.
In a very short period of time, space has become an integral part of our lives, a faithful assistant in economic affairs and in knowledge of the world around us.
And there is no doubt that the further development of civilisation on Earth cannot do without the exploration of the entire near-Earth space environment. The exploration of space – this “province of the whole of humanity” – is continuing at an ever-increasing pace.
Contemporary trends in international relations, such as globalisation and the development of near-Earth space, have a positive impact on space.
Trends in contemporary international relations, such as globalisation, the strengthening of integration processes and regionalism. On the one hand, they pose challenges to space activities of a truly global order. on the one hand, they pose truly global challenges to space activities, since only space-based means make it possible to collect, process and disseminate information on the status of global problems on a global scale.
On the other hand, they make it possible to pool efforts and find ways to solve national and regional problems in a cost-effective manner.
Space-based information support for biosphere research
Three decades of the space age have had a major impact on our knowledge of the Earth, on cartography and on operational observations of natural processes, particularly in meteorology.
With the help of artificial satellites, it has become possible to forecast the weather over large areas of the Earth with an accuracy and coverage of three to five days, to observe drought phenomena over large areas, to detect forest fires and deforestation in sparsely populated areas, to identify the most suitable bioproductive zones of the ocean for fish habitat, to determine the movements of tectonic plates and the extent to which tectonic plates are moving, to determine the movements of tectonic plates and to predict earthquakes using the orbital parameters of satellites.
The polarisation of scientific interests clearly divides the countries of the world in terms of the use of space-based remote sensing methods. of space-based remote sensing methods.
Even highly developed countries such as Germany, France and the United Kingdom restrict their research to individual territories. to individual territories. Their use of space images is based on a highly technological culture of mapping based on information systems. The USA, unlike Western European countries, is actively developing the concept and programme of systemic global research aimed at solving the problems of information systems. In contrast to Western European countries, the USA is actively developing the concept and programme of systemic global research aimed at solving geoscientific problems.
The study of natural cycles should be based on multidimensional time series of space measurements. Only such an approach can ensure the registration of dynamic processes. To study the phenological development of agricultural crops in the “Kursk-85” experiment, positive results were obtained by combining multidimensional time series of optical measurements. The study of natural processes therefore requires an almost year-round cycle of spaceborne surveys and corresponding sub-satellite observations.
Space-based methods are becoming increasingly important in solving the modern human problem of studying the Earth as a whole.
The study of the Earth as a planet. The effectiveness of the practical the effectiveness of the practical use of space methods will be determined to a large extent by the development of an extensive network of geo-information systems. The effectiveness of the practical use of space methods will be determined to a large extent by the development of an extensive network of geographical information systems, which should provide broad access to space data. access to space data.
Prospects for the development of space technologies
1.Using space technologies to combat viruses The French company Air in Space intends to use Russian space technologies to protect immunodeficiency patients and combat the avian flu virus. “Air in Space” to protect immunodeficient patients and combat the avian flu virus.
The attention of French medical specialists has been drawn to Russian methods of purifying air from biological contamination on space stations. They were developed in the 1990s and successfully used on the Mir orbital complex. Mir orbital complex. Since April 2001, such devices have been used to purify the air in the Russian segment of the International Space Station.
A French company, Air in Space has adapted them to the conditions of ground hospitals with the help of the European Space Agency. With the help of the European Space Agency, which is carrying out a major space technology transfer programme. The equipment was certified at the Virology Laboratory in Lyon. According to specialists, the Russian invention makes it possible, in particular, to completely destroy avian flu viruses in the air, even in high concentrations.
According to French experts, in the event of an avian flu pandemic, such technologies could be used to quickly transform the airspace into a new one. such technologies could be used to quickly transform the airspace into a new one. The development can also be successfully used to sterilise operating theatres and laboratory rooms, the experts stress. laboratory rooms, the experts stress.
2. Space weapons
The United States plans to develop space weapons in the near future, capable of hitting ground targets from orbit. It is expected that about 100 million dollars will be allocated for this promising development, – this was reported by the agency “Interfax”. “Interfax. In favour of allocating funds for space weapons voted by the Conciliation Commission of the US Congress.
According to the US media, a space weapon is a satellite that is launched from Earth and a missile mounted on it. After carrying out an attack from low-Earth orbit, the spacecraft will return to its base. After recharging and prophylaxis, the reusable satellite could be sent back into space.
3. Future space technologies
Startram Magnetic Space Train
The design of the proposed Startram Space Launch System, which will take about 20 years to build and implement.
The design of the proposed Startram Space Launch System, which is expected to cost about $20 billion, promises to deliver up to 300,000,000 tonnes of cargo into orbit. When you consider that the current cost of sending 1kg of payload into space is at best $11,000, the project looks very interesting.
The Startram project will not require rockets, propellants or ion propulsion systems.
Instead, it will use magnetic repulsion. It is worth noting that the concept of a train on a magnetic cushion is far from new. On Earth, trains already run on magnetic tracks at speeds of around 600 kilometres per hour. But there’s one major obstacle in the way of all these maglev trains, especially in Japan, and that’s their top speed. For these trains to realise their full potential and reach the highest possible speeds, we need to get rid of the atmospheric effects that slow them down.
The Startram project offers a solution to this problem by building a long vacuum tunnel at an altitude of tunnel at an altitude of around 20 kilometres.
At this altitude, air resistance becomes less pronounced, allowing space launches to be made at much higher speeds and with much less drag.
Spacecraft will literally be shot into space, without the need to traverse the atmosphere. Such a system would take about 20 years to build and would require a total investment of $60 billion.
Asteroid Catchers
There was once a heated debate among science fiction enthusiasts about the anti-scientific method and clearly underestimated complexity of landing on an asteroid, as depicted in the famous American sci-fi thriller Armageddon. Even NASA once remarked that it could have found a better (and more realistic) way to save the Earth from imminent doom. What’s more, the space agency recently awarded a grant to design and build a comet and asteroid catcher. The spacecraft will use a special powerful harpoon to latch on to a selected space object and use the power of its engines to pull these objects away from the dangerous trajectory of approaching Earth.
In addition, the device can be used to capture asteroids for the purpose of asteroids to extract minerals from them. The space object would be attracted by a harpoon and brought to a desired location, such as the orbit of Mars or the Moon. The asteroid would then be sent to the asteroid.
Solar probe
Like Earth, the Sun has its own winds and storms. But unlike Earth solar winds can do more than just ruin your hair, they can literally vaporise you. Many questions about the Sun that have yet to be answered, according to the space agency NASA, will be answered by the Solar Probe, which will be launched in 2018.
The spacecraft will have to approach the Sun from a distance of about 6 million kilometres. This means that the probe will be exposed to exposed to radiation energy on a scale that no man-made spacecraft can withstand.
To protect the spacecraft from the devastating radiation, engineers and scientists say the spacecraft will be protected by a carbon composite heat shield that is 12 centimetres thick.
But NASA cannot just send the probe straight into the sun. The spacecraft will have to make at least seven orbits around Venus. And that would take about seven years. Each orbit would accelerate the spacecraft and adjust its trajectory. After the final orbit, the spacecraft will head towards the orbit of the Sun. the Sun, 5.8 million kilometres from its surface. This will make it the closest man-made spacecraft to the Sun. It will be followed by the Helios 2 spacecraft, which is about 43.5 million kilometres from the Sun.
3D printed Martian houses
To get closer to the moment when preparations for a manned mission to Mars begin, NASA has organised an architectural to develop and promote 3D printing technologies that will enable the 3D printing of Martian homes.
The only requirement of the competition was to use materials that are widely available for mining on Mars. The winners were two New York City design firms, TeamSpaceExplorationArchitecture and CloudsArchitectureOffice, who submitted their concept for a Martian ICE HOUSE. The concept proposes the use of ice as a base (hence the name). The construction of the buildings would take place in the icy zones of Mars, where landing modules would be loaded with many compact robots that would collect dirt and ice to build structures around the modules.
The walls of the structures will be made of a mixture of water, gel and silica. Once the material freezes due to the low temperatures on the surface of Mars, a very habitable double-walled space will be created. The first wall will be made of a mixture of ice and will provide additional protection from radiation.
Space exploration has not only stimulated interest in education, it has also made it possible to use the marvellous technological tools of radio and television for educational purposes. The masses of the world’s population can, through a universal global educational system based on the use of the world’s space communication and television systems for educational purposes.
Radio and television transmissions via satellites will make it possible to solve the problems of eliminating illiteracy, raising the educational level of children and adults, etc. Thus, space and education have proved to be elements of a twofold process: without profound knowledge, space exploration is impossible. without profound knowledge, it is impossible to conquer space, and the latter in turn provides an effective means for all-round improvement and development of education.
Cosmonautics is necessary for science – it is a magnificent and powerful tool for studying the universe, the earth and man himself.
Weather service, navigation, saving people and forests. saving forests, worldwide television, comprehensive communications, ultra-pure medicines and semiconductors from orbit, the most advanced technology – this is both the present and the near future of astronautics. And before that – power stations in space, removal of harmful industries from the surface of the planet, factories in Earth orbit and on the Moon, etc.
The cosmic future of mankind is the guarantee of its continuous development on the path of progress and prosperity, dreamed and created by those who have worked and are working in the field of astronautics and today in the field of cosmonautics and other branches of the national economy.
Authors of the article Shkredko D.A., Balandina A.A. This article was translated by Allison Botterill
Source X International Scientific Conference for Students scienceforum.ru
1 comment
There’s little faith that Startram will ever work at all.